Here you can download the Corporate Brochures for Croll Reynolds, a leading supplier of vacuum Systems for the process industries. With research, design, manufacturing and test facilities strategically located across the planet and a worldwide distribution, Croll Reynolds is the premier resource for innovative engineering and uncompromising quality.Our product line includes: Air Powered Ejectors, Chillers, Custom Power Systems, Cyclone Scrubbers, Cyclone Scrubbers, Cylindrical Scrubbers, Desuperheaters, Eductors, Ejector Scrubbers, Ejectors, High Vacuum Liquid Ring Vacuum Systems, Hybrid Systems, Industrial Process Chillers, Industrial Vacuum System, Jacketed Ejectors, Jet Blowers, Jet Ejectors, Jet Heater, Liquid Chillers, Liquid Ring Centrifugal Pumps, Liquid Ring Pumps, Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps, Mixing/Blending Circulators, Multi Stage Vacuum Systems, Multi-Channel Bed Scrubbers, Multi-MicroVenturi Scrubbers, Multi-Rod Deck Scrubbers, Multi-Stage Condensing Ejectors, Portable Vacuum Systems, Process Vacuum Systems, Single-Nozzle Ejectors, Single-Stage Ejectors, Skid Mounted Vacuum Systems, Spare Parts for Steam Ejectors, Steam Jet Ejector Pumps, Thermocompressors, Turbine Bypass Desuperheating Systems, Vacuum and Air Pollution Control Systems, Vacuum Chillers, Vacuum Distribution Systems Vacuum Refrigeration Systems, Vacuum Systems, Venturi Recycle Tray Scrubbers and many others.
There are three common type of vacuum ejector is present like water aspirator, steam ejector, air ejector. Vacuum ejectors are used in several industrial processes such as distillation, vacuum impregnation, crystallization, filtration etc. The key end use industries for vacuum ejectors include edible oil, chemicals and petrochemicals.
steam jet ejectors for the process industries pdf download
Demand from oil & gas sector in midstream process is said to be the primary driver of the vacuum ejector market. The market growth is expected to be benefited both from new and retrofit sales. Another significant contributor to the growth of vacuum ejectors market has been from the metallurgy industry where it is used for metal vacuum degassing process.
In upcoming years investment for research and development activities is anticipated to increase for developing techniques for process enhancement in process industries and refineries which may restrict the consumption of vacuum ejector market.
Asia- Pacific is considered to be the major regional market due to investment and growth of process industries and establishment of oil refineries. China alone is expected to provide a sizeable market share in the regional and global owing to its status as a major industrial hub consisting of metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical industries spanning close to 400, 000 enterprises. Other notable regional markets include India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore
These results are combined with CFD (computational fluid dynamic) calculations. This allows us, for example, to optimise flow areas. By meticulously capturing and analysing characteristic curves during the testing process and carrying out CFD calculations, Körting leads the market on steam jet compressors across the world.
Used as heat pumps, steam jet compressors can compress low-pressure steam so that its pressure increases. This higher pressure steam can be fed into a central steam network or used again in other processes. They can be used in similar ways in virtually all areas of industry where steam is required in large quantities (e.g. in the paper industry).
Most of the heat energy in the condensed steam is returned to the boiler, increasing the thermal efficiency of the process. Injectors are therefore typically over 98% energy-efficient overall; they are also simple compared to the many moving parts in a feed pump.
An additional use for the injector technology is in vacuum ejectors in continuous train braking systems, which were made compulsory in the UK by the Regulation of Railways Act 1889. A vacuum ejector uses steam pressure to draw air out of the vacuum pipe and reservoirs of continuous train brake. Steam locomotives, with a ready source of steam, found ejector technology ideal with its rugged simplicity and lack of moving parts. A steam locomotive usually has two ejectors: a large ejector for releasing the brakes when stationary and a small ejector for maintaining the vacuum against leaks. The exhaust from the ejectors is invariably directed to the smokebox, by which means it assists the blower in draughting the fire. The small ejector is sometimes replaced by a reciprocating pump driven from the crosshead because this is more economical of steam and is only required to operate when the train is moving.
EQUIREPSA, with its own technology, has designed and manufactured several variations of ejectors for over 25 years. Our ejectors are used in a wide variety of industries in more than 80 countries.
In the ejector, the velocity of the motive fluid becomes very high as it expands across the converging and diverging nozzles from motive pressure to the operating pressure of process fluid. The expansion of the motive fluid through the motive nozzle causes supersonic velocities at the exit of the nozzle. Velocity coming out from a motive nozzle is 3 to 4 times the Mach number. In the actual scenario, the motive fluid expands to a pressure lower than the suction process fluid pressure. This causes the driving force to draw the suction fluid into the ejector. High-velocity motive steam entrains and mixes with the suction fluid.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined')ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'whatispiping_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_5',635,'0','0']);__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-whatispiping_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');Main Parts of an EjectorThere are five main parts of an ejector which are as follows,
A multi-stage ejector is normally used when a generation of high vacuum is required that is normally from the atmosphere to in the range of 30 torrs to 0.05 torr. For the generation of such low pressure, up to six stages of the ejector can be used.What is Motive Fluid?Motive fluid is the fluid that motivates the process fluid to draw into the ejector. Normally high- pressure steam is used as a motive fluid but compressed air or gas can also be used as the motive fluid. The choice depends on the availability of the utility, operational feasibility, etc. A minimum pressure of the motive fluid is required to maintain a stable operation & thereby for designing a stable ejector system. If the pressure of the motive fluid falls below the design pressure then the nozzle will pass less amount of steam than required. If it happens, the ejector is not provided with sufficient energy to compress the process fluid to the design discharge pressure. A similar problem occurs when the supply temperature of motive fluid rises above its design value which results in increased specific volume, and consequently, less steam passes through the motive nozzle.
Steam ejector is the ejector which utilizes high-pressure steam as the motive fluid. It has a converging and diverging nozzle across which pressurized motive fluid is passed. In the diffuser section, the velocity of the mixed fluid is recovered to pressure energy greater than suction pressure but it is lower than the inlet pressure of the motive steam. This pressure should be greater or equal to the backing pressure for smooth operation. For low vacuum, multiple-stage ejectors are used. Table 1 shows the probable suction pressure vs total steam consumption in an ejector.No. of stageOperating suction pressure (Torr)Total Steam consumption per kg of air pumped (kg)1200-1004-8260-40015-20320-518-2543-0.520-100Table 1: probable suction pressure vs total steam consumption in an ejectorThe steam jet ejector capacity is directly proportional to the weight of the motive fluid. Motive gas to process gas pumped is high, especially under low vacuum, and results in the huge requirement of steam in multi-stage systems. Operating parameter of motive steam such as inlet steam pressure, and discharge pressure has a significant impact on overall ejector performance.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined')ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'whatispiping_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_21',157,'0','0']);__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-whatispiping_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0');Fig. 2: Different Sections of a Steam EjectorPurpose of Inter-condenserInter-stage condensers & ejectors are staged in series with each other. The purpose of the inter-condenser is to condense hydrocarbon & steam as much as possible. The load of the downstream ejector can be reduced by condensing steam & hydrocarbon. So for proper maintaining of motive steam consumption condenser is highly recommended.
As research has developed, the condensation phase modification of high-speed fluids in ejectors has become a key focus of academic interest. Cai [22] discovered that the maximum Mach number of non-equilibrium condensation was greater than that of equilibrium condensation under no-slip conditions between the phases. Ariafar [23] employed the wet steam model to obtain a higher entrainment ratio and critical backpressure than those of the ideal gas model. Wang [24] discovered that increasing the superheat in the primary nozzle causes the condensation shock wave to move backward, the liquid mass fraction to decrease, and the entropy generation to increase. Yang [25] compared the wet steam model with the dry gas model and found that the dry gas increased the expansion characteristics. In the case of insufficient primary flow expansion, the entrainment ratio of the dry gas model was greater than that of the wet steam model. In the case of sufficient expansion of primary flow, the entrainment ratio of the dry gas model was smaller than that of the wet steam model. Tang [26] investigated the condensation and re-evaporation processes of steam ejectors using high-speed camera-imaging technology. 2ff7e9595c
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